Search for Astrophysical Electron Antineutrinos in Super-Kamiokande with 0.01% Gadolinium-loaded Water

被引：33

作者：

Harada, M. ^{[1
]}

Abe, K. ^{[2
,3
]}

Bronner, C. ^{[2
]}

Hayato, Y. ^{[2
,3
]}

Hiraide, K. ^{[2
,3
]}

Hosokawa, K. ^{[2
]}

Ieki, K. ^{[2
,3
]}

Ikeda, M. ^{[2
,3
]}

Kameda, J. ^{[2
,3
]}

Kanemura, Y. ^{[2
]}

Kaneshima, R. ^{[2
]}

Kashiwagi, Y. ^{[2
]}

Kataoka, Y. ^{[2
,3
]}

Miki, S. ^{[2
]}

Mine, S. ^{[2
,4
]}

Miura, M. ^{[2
,3
]}

Moriyama, S. ^{[2
,3
]}

Nakano, Y. ^{[2
]}

Nakahata, M. ^{[2
,3
]}

Nakayama, S. ^{[2
,3
]}

Noguchi, Y. ^{[2
]}

Okamoto, K. ^{[2
]}

Sato, K. ^{[2
]}

Sekiya, H. ^{[2
,3
]}

Shiba, H. ^{[2
]}

Shimizu, K. ^{[2
]}

Shiozawa, M. ^{[2
,3
]}

Sonoda, Y. ^{[2
]}

Suzuki, Y. ^{[2
]}

Takeda, A. ^{[2
,3
]}

Takemoto, Y. ^{[2
,3
]}

Takenaka, A. ^{[2
]}

Tanaka, H. ^{[2
,3
]}

Watanabe, S. ^{[2
]}

Yano, T. ^{[2
]}

Han, S. ^{[5
]}

Kajita, T. ^{[3
,5
,6
]}

Okumura, K. ^{[3
,5
]}

Tashiro, T. ^{[5
]}

Tomiya, T. ^{[5
]}

Wang, X. ^{[5
]}

Yoshida, S. ^{[5
]}

Megias, G. D. ^{[7
]}

Fernandez, P. ^{[8
]}

Labarga, L. ^{[8
]}

Ospina, N. ^{[8
]}

Zaldivar, B. ^{[8
]}

Pointon, B. W. ^{[9
,10
]}

Kearns, E. ^{[3
,11
]}

Raaf, J. L. ^{[11
]}

机构：

[1] Okayama Univ, Dept Phys, Okayama, Okayama 7008530, Japan

[2] Univ Tokyo, Kamioka Observ, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kamioka, Gifu 5061205, Japan

[3] Univ Tokyo, Inst Adv Study, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Univ WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778583, Japan

[4] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[5] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Res Ctr Cosm Neutrinos, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[6] Univ Tokyo, ILANCE, CNRS, Int Res Lab, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[7] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan

[8] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Theoret Phys, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

[9] British Columbia Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5G 3H2, Canada

[10] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T2A3, Canada

[11] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA

[12] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan

[13] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Phys, Carson, CA 90747 USA

[14] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Univ & Elementary Particles, Gwangju 61186, South Korea

[15] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA

[16] Ecole Polytechn, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, CNRS, F-91120 Palaiseau, France

[17] Fukuoka Inst Technol, Jr Coll, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 8110295, Japan

[18] Gifu Univ, Dept Phys, Gifu, Gifu 5011193, Japan

[19] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, GIST Coll, Gwangju 500712, South Korea

[20] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

[21] Inst Basic Sci IBS, Daejeon 34126, South Korea

[22] ICISE, Inst Interdisciplinary Res Sci & Educ, Quy Nhon 55121, Vietnam

[23] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England

[24] INFN Sezione Bari, Dipartimento Interuniv Fis, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[25] Univ & Politecn Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy

[26] INFN Sezione Napoli, Dipartimento Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[27] Univ Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy

[28] INFN Sezione Padova, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[29] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[30] INFN Sezione Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[31] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy

[32] Keio Univ, Dept Phys, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan

[33] Kings Coll London, Dept Phys, London WC2R 2LS, England

[34] Kobe Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan

[35] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068502, Japan

[36] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, England

[37] Miyagi Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9800845, Japan

[38] Nagoya Univ, Inst Space Earth Environm Res, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan

[39] Nagoya Univ, Kobayashi Maskawa Inst Origin Particles & Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan

[40] Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland

[41] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

[42] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England

[43] Harwell Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Lab, STFC, Oxford OX11 0QX, England

[44] Daresbury Lab, Warrington OX11 0QX, England

[45] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 151742, South Korea

[46] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Oxford, England

[47] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, England

[48] Shizuoka Univ Welf, Dept Informat Social Welf, Yaizu, Shizuoka 4258611, Japan

[49] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea

[50] Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS | 2023年 / 951卷 / 02期

基金：

加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会; 日本学术振兴会; 美国国家科学基金会; 英国科学技术设施理事会; 中国国家自然科学基金; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

NEUTRINO BURST; CORE-COLLAPSE; EVOLUTION;

D O I：

10.3847/2041-8213/acdc9e

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report the first search result for the flux of astrophysical electron antineutrinos for energies O(10) MeV in the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector. In 2020 June, gadolinium was introduced to the ultrapure water of the SK detector in order to detect neutrons more efficiently. In this new experimental phase, SK-Gd, we can search for electron antineutrinos via inverse beta decay with efficient background rejection thanks to the high efficiency of the neutron tagging technique. In this paper, we report the result for the initial stage of SK-Gd, during 2020 August 26, and 2022 June 1 with a 22.5 x 552 kton center dot day exposure at 0.01% Gd mass concentration. No significant excess over the expected background in the observed events is found for the neutrino energies below 31.3 MeV. Thus, the flux upper limits are placed at the 90% confidence level. The limits and sensitivities are already comparable with the previous SK result with pure water (22.5 x 2970 kton center dot day) owing to the enhanced neutron tagging. Operation with Gd increased to 0.03% started in 2022 June.

引用

页数：8

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