Assessment of cytogenetic damage in flexographic workers: Micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells

Background and Objective: Literature review revealed that chemicals used in the printing industry show an association between genotoxicity and occupational exposure. Flexography is one type of printing technique recently becoming popular because of its fast, cost-efficient, and high-quality label printing. The micronucleus (MN) is considered to be a reliable marker for genotoxic damage, and it has a close association with cancer incidences by determining the presence and the extent of the chromosomal damage. Because there are no studies on flexographic workers (FWs), this study was intended to analyze and evaluate the effect of occupational exposure on the MN frequency of buccal epithelial cells. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 100 FWs and 100 age-matched healthy controls with and without smoking habits. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from all subjects by using a cytobrush, followed by staining with Feulgen fast green. The MN frequency was recorded for each individual using the Tolbert et al. criteria. Data was statistically analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance and the posthoc test. Results: FWs with smoking habits showed a significant increase in MN frequency (1.86 +/- 1.77) than workers without the habit (1.02 +/- 1.08) and controls (with the habit 1.26 +/- 1.33 and without the habit 0.62 +/- 0.92). However, there was no significant increase of MN in FWs without the habit when compared with controls. Conclusion: This study observed the cytogenetic damage in FWs and concludes that these workers are at greater risk for genotoxicity, and the MN assay can serve as a useful biomarker.