Highly reversible lithium metal batteries enabled by spontaneous alloying anode

Emerging lithium metal batteries are one of the candidates for increasing energy density beyond that of traditional lithium -ion batteries. Whereas, intrinsic dendrites growth is a chronic disease severely hampered the application of lithium metal batteries. Hence, partial alloying electrode (LiAl and LiC alloy) with lithiophilic sites and interconnected ion-electron conductive skeleton is presented through repeated folding -rolling strategy. Electrochemical measurement and in situ optical microscopy demonstrate the effectiveness of alloying anode for inhibiting dendrites growth by uniform Li+ flux distribution. The LixMy composite electrode can delivers ultralong cycle life for more than 800 h with negligible overpotential of similar to 10 mV (1 mA cm(-2), 1 mAh cm(-2)). Moreover, the full cell assembled with LiFePO4 cathode exhibited superior rate performance and cycle stability, even at high current density of 2 A g(-1). The availability and scalable method for modifying lithium metal anode provide an essential pace to promoting lithium metal batteries application.