The phenotype and related gene expressions of macrophages in adipose tissue of T2D mice following MSCs infusion

Background: Infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induces polarization of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice. Studies have shown that M2 macrophages were divided into four subphenotypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d) with different functions, and manuscripts have also confirmed that macrophages co -cultured with MSCs were not matched with known four phenotype macrophages. Therefore, our study explored the phenotype and related gene expressions of macrophages in the adipose tissue of T2D mice with/without MSCs infusion. Methods: We induced a T2D mouse model by using high -fat diets and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The mice were divided into three groups: the control group, the T2D group, and the MSCs group. MSCs were systemically injected once a week for 6 weeks. The phenotype of macrophages in adipose tissue was detected via flow cytometric analysis. We also investigated the gene expression of macrophages in different groups via SMARTRNA -sequencing and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: The present study found that the macrophages of adipose tissue in the MSCs group were polarized to the M2 phenotype mixed with four sub -phenotypes. Besides, M2a and M2c held a dominant position, while M2b and M2d (tumor -associated macrophages, TAMs) exhibited a decreasing trend after infusion of MSCs. Moreover, the MSCs group did not appear to express higher levels of tumor -associated, inflammation -associated, or fibrosisassociated genes in comparison to the T2D group. Conclusion: The present results unveiled that the macrophage phenotype was inclined to be present in a hybridity state of four M2 sub -phenotypes and the genes related to tumor -promoting, pro -inflammation and pro -fibrosis were not increased after MSCs injection.