Investigating Urine Biomarkers in Detrusor Underactivity and Detrusor Overactivity with Detrusor Underactivity Patients

Bladder inflammation and tissue hypoxia were considered important pathognomonic bladder features in detrusor underactivity (DU) and detrusor overactivity (DO) patients. This study investigated urine inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker levels in DU and DO with DU (DO-DU) patients. Urine samples were collected from 50 DU and 18 DO-DU patients, as well as 20 controls. The targeted analytes included three oxidative stress biomarkers (8-OHdG, 8-isoprostane, and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and 33 cytokines. DU and DO-DU patients had different urine biomarker profiles from controls, including 8-OHdG, PGE2, EGF, TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and CXCL10. Controlling for age and sex, multivariate logistic-regression models revealed that 8-OHdG, PGE2, EGF, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, and TAC were significant biomarkers for diagnosing DU. In DU patients, urine TAC and PGE(2) levels were positively correlated with detrusor voiding pressure. In DO-DU patients, urine 8-OHdG, PGE(2), IL-6, IL-10, and MIP-1 alpha levels were positively correlated with maximal urinary flow rate, while urine IL-5, IL-10, and MIP-1 alpha were negatively correlated with the first sensation of bladder filling. Urine inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker analysis provides a non-invasive and convenient approach for important clinical information in DU and DO-DU patients.