Predictors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) refers to the abrupt stoppage of the heart's mechanical activity, primarily triggered by coronary artery disease. OHCA represents a significant global cause of death. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of OHCA in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This meta-analysis was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Two investigators performed a comprehensive search of online databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, from their inception to October 15, 2023. Keywords such as "predictors," "out-of-hospital cardiac arrest," and "acute coronary syndrome" were used to identify relevant articles. To enhance the search, synonyms and their corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms were included. A total of six studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was 4% (95% confidence interval, 3%-5%). The current metaanalysis reports that age, gender, having multivessel disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and having STelevation myocardial infarction were some of the significant factors associated with OHCA in patients hospitalized with ACS.