Parametric analysis of different Al2O3 nanoparticle shapes and expansion angles for sudden expanded tube regarding the first law of thermodynamics

The thermo-hydraulic performance of Al2O3/H2O nanofluid with different nanoparticle shapes flowing in a sudden expansion tube with variable sudden expansion inclination angles and elliptical dimpled fins with different diameters were numerically investigated. Investigation of variable sudden expansion inclination angles, elliptic dimpled fins, and different nanoparticle shapes together reveals the novelty of this study. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of nanofluid particle shapes, sudden expansion inclination angles, and elliptical dimpled fin on thermo-hydraulic performance for sudden expansion tube. The platelet, cylindrical, and blade nanoparticle shapes of Al2O3 nanoparticle (phi = 1.0 %) were separately mixed into base fluid to obtain working fluid. Numerical studies were carried out under laminar flow regime (500 <= Re <= 2000). Furthermore, the sudden expansion tube was assumed to have inclination angles with alpha = 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. The results presented that the highest Performance Evaluation Criterion is obtained for the case of DT6 using Al2O3/H2O with platelet nanoparticle shape at Re = 2000. Besides, the highest Nusselt number and Performance Evaluation Criterion were realized at the inclination angle of 45 degrees. The increment rate of Nusselt number and Performance Evaluation Criterion at alpha = 45 degrees were determined as 8.75 % and 10.52 % compared to alpha = 30 degrees, respectively. Moreover, elliptical dimpled fins with sized as a = 6 mm and b = 12 mm presented the highest thermo-hydraulic performance, and this condition showed an increment of 153.9 % compared to case of a = 2 mm and b = 4 mm.