The Effect of Load, Diameter Ratio, and Friction Coefficient on Residual Stress in a Hemispherical Contact for Application in Biomedical Industry

In contact mechanics analysis, load, deformation, friction, and residual stress are important variables that need to be considered to understand the behavior of materials under contact for application in biomedical industry. This study investigated the effect of load, diameter ratio, and friction coefficient on the contact behavior between two hemispheres of equal hardness. The finite element method (FEM) used in this study incorporated variations in load (2500 N, 5000 N, and 8000 N) and friction coefficient (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.4, 0.8) to detect the impact of these factors on residual stress and deformation springback in the diameter ratio ranging from 1 to 5. The upper hemisphere had a constant diameter, while the diameter of the bottom hemisphere was varied according to the chosen diameter ratio. The results showed that an increase in the diameter ratio caused a decrease in the deformation ratio, indicating that smaller hemispheres experienced an increase in deformation. The study also found that the model showing springback will decrease with increasing load and diameter ratio. The load and diameter ratio affected the springback and residual stress of the hemispheres. Large loads led to reduced springback and high residual stress. Higher diameter ratios resulted in lower springback and wider residual stress distribution in the bottom hemisphere and reduced residual stress distribution in the upper hemisphere. The friction coefficient also affected the residual stress distribution. Therefore, appropriate load, diameter ratio, and friction coefficient selection are crucial factors for producing high-quality products in biomedical industry.