Tumor Microenvironment as a Therapeutic Target in Melanoma Treatment

被引:11
作者
Kharouf, Naji [1 ,2 ]
Flanagan, Thomas W. [3 ]
Hassan, Sofie-Yasmin [4 ]
Shalaby, Hosam [5 ]
Khabaz, Marla [6 ]
Hassan, Sarah-Lilly [4 ]
Megahed, Mosaad [7 ]
Haikel, Youssef [1 ,2 ,8 ]
Santourlidis, Simeon [9 ]
Hassan, Mohamed [1 ,2 ,10 ]
机构
[1] Univ Strasbourg, Inst Natl St & Rech Med, Unite Mixte Rech 1121, Biomat & Bioengn, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
[2] Univ Strasbourg, Fac Dent Med, Dept Endodont & Conservat Dent, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
[3] LSU Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
[4] Heinrich Heine Univ Duesseldorf, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
[5] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Urol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
[6] Beta Factory Vet Pharmaceut Ind, Dept Prod, Damascus, Syria
[7] Univ Hosp Aachen, Clin Dermatol, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
[8] Hop Univ Strasbourg, Hop Civil, Pole Med & Chirurg Bucco Dentaire, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
[9] Heinrich Heine Univ Duesseldorf, Inst Transplantat Diagnost & Cell Therapeut, Med Fac, Epigenet Core Lab, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
[10] Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Res Lab Surg Oncol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
关键词
tumor microenvironment; stromal cells; melanoma resistance; targeted therapy; chronic inflammation; CANCER-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VITAMIN-D; RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; PROMOTE; BRAF; FIBRONECTIN; NEUTROPHILS;
D O I
10.3390/cancers15123147
中图分类号
R73 [肿瘤学];
学科分类号
100214 ;
摘要
Simple Summary As a solid tumor, melanoma is not only a tumor mass of monolithic tumor cells, but it also contains supporting stroma, extracellular matrix (ECM), and soluble molecules forming the widely recognized tumor microenvironment. The main components of the tumor microenvironment include stromal cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells), ECM, and soluble molecules (chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles). The tumor microenvironment has been suggested to play a central role in tumor progression and treatment resistance. Accumulated evidence indicates that tumor maintenance, progression, and treatment resistance are determined by components of the microenvironment. Thus, targeting the components of the tumor microenvironment may have a therapeutic impact on melanoma treatment. The main topic of this paper deals with the main components of the tumor microenvironment and their impact as therapeutic targets in melanoma treatment. The role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor growth and therapy has recently attracted more attention in research and drug development. The ability of the microenvironment to trigger tumor maintenance, progression, and resistance is the main cause for treatment failure and tumor relapse. Accumulated evidence indicates that the maintenance and progression of tumor cells is determined by components of the microenvironment, which include stromal cells (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells), extracellular matrix (ECM), and soluble molecules (chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles). As a solid tumor, melanoma is not only a tumor mass of monolithic tumor cells, but it also contains supporting stroma, ECM, and soluble molecules. Melanoma cells are continuously in interaction with the components of the microenvironment. In the present review, we focus on the role of the tumor microenvironment components in the modulation of tumor progression and treatment resistance as well as the impact of the tumor microenvironment as a therapeutic target in melanoma.
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页数:24
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