Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Grid Connected Wind Turbine Control Systems: A Comprehensive Review

As grid-connected wind farms become more common in the modern power system, the question of how to maximize wind power generation while limiting downtime has been a common issue for researchers around the world. Due to the complexity of wind turbine systems and the difficulty to predict varying wind speeds, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms have become key components when developing controllers and control schemes. Although, in recent years, several review papers on these topics have been published, there are no comprehensive review papers that pertain to both AI and ML in wind turbine control systems available in the literature, especially with respect to the most recently published control techniques. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing literature, an in-depth overview of ML and AI in wind turbine systems is presented in this paper. This paper analyzes the following reviews: (i) why optimizing wind farm power generation is important; (ii) the challenges associated with designing an efficient control scheme for wind farms; (iii) a breakdown of the different types of AI and ML algorithms used in wind farm controllers and control schemes; (iv) AI and ML for wind speed prediction; (v) AI and ML for wind power prediction; (vi) AI and ML for mechanical component monitoring and fault detection; and (vii) AI and ML for electrical fault prevention and detection. This paper will offer researchers and engineers in the wind energy generation field a comprehensive review of the application of AI and ML in the control methodology of offshore and onshore wind farms so that more efficient and robust control schemes can be designed for future wind turbine controllers.