Sarcopenia Prevalence and Associated Factors in Male Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis

Background Sarcopenia is characterised by loss of muscle strength and mass, leading to falls and adverse health outcomes. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) and to identify factors associated with sarcopenia in these patients.Methods This cross-sectional study included 120 male patients with ax-SpA and 100 healthy individuals matched for both sex and age. Sarcopenia was assessed by muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance using the criteria determined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). The ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), laboratory indicators and bone mineral density were determined. Falls/fractures sustained over the prior year were evaluated. The association between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression analyses.Results According to the diagnostic criteria of AWGS 2019, the prevalence of sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia was 20.8%, 9.2 and 16.7% higher than in the healthy control population (p < 0.01). Factors associated with the prevalence of secondary sarcopenia in ax-SpA were ASDAS, serum levels of prealbumin and 25-(OH)D as well as the incidence of falls/fractures.Conclusions Patients with ax-SpA have a high incidence of sarcopenia. The development of sarcopenia was associated with high ASDAS, reduced levels of prealbumin and 25-(OH)D as well as the incidence of falls/fractures.