Functional and Radiological Outcomes of All-Posterior Surgical Correction of Dystrophic Curves in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Purpose: To determine outcomes following all-posterior surgery using computed tomography navigation, hybrid stabilization, and multiple anchor point techniques in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) and dystrophic scoliosis. Overview of literature: Previous studies favored antero-posterior fusion as the most reliable method; however, approaching the spine anteriorly was fraught with significant complications. With the advent of computer assisted navigation and multiple anchor point method, posterior only approach is reporting successful outcomes. Methods: This study included patients who underwent all-posterior surgical deformity correction for dystrophic NF-1 curves. Coronal and sagittal Cobbs angles, apical rotation, and the presence of dystrophic features were evaluated before surgery. Postoperatively, sagittal, coronal, and axial correction, implant position, and implant densities were evaluated. The decline in curve correction and implant-related complications were evaluated at follow-up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Scoliosis Research Society-22 revised index. Results: This study involved 50 patients with a mean age of 13.6 years and a mean follow-up duration of 5.52 years. With a mean coronal flexibility of 18.7%, the mean apical vertebral rotation (AVR), preoperative coronal Cobb angle, and sagittal kyphosis were 27.4 degrees, 64.01 degrees, and 47.70 degrees, respectively. The postoperative mean coronal Cobb angle was 30.17 degrees (p <0.05), and the sagittal kyphosis angle was 25.4 degrees (p <0.05). The average AVR correction rate was 41.3%. The correction remained significant at the final mean follow-up, with a coronal Cobb angle of 34.14 degrees and sagittal kyphosis of 25.02 degrees (p <0.05). The average implant density was 1.41, with 46% of patients having a high implant density (HID). The HID had a markedly higher mean curve correction (29.30 degrees vs. 38.05 degrees, p <0.05) and a lower mean loss of correction (5.7 degrees vs. 3.8 degrees, p <0.05). Conclusions: Utilizing computer-assisted navigation, hybrid instrumentation, and multiple anchor point technique and attaining high implant densities, this study demonstrates successful outcomes following posterior-only surgical correction of dystrophic scoliosis in patients with NF-1.