The "What" and "Why" of (Un)Ethical Evaluation Practice: A Meta-Narrative Review and Ethical Awareness Framework

There is growing recognition of the complex moral and ethical tensions associated with evaluation practice. However, there are scant evidence-informed frameworks for cultivating ethical awareness or informing ethical deliberation across the evaluation landscape. Thus, we aimed to synthesize research evidence on evaluation ethics, and draw on these findings to develop an evidence-informed evaluation ethics framework. Our methodological approach involved, first, conducting a meta-narrative review of empirical studies on evaluation ethics. Specifically, we conducted a systematic peer-reviewed and grey literature search, then identified, extracted, and thematically organize data from 20 studies that meet inclusion criteria. Second, in consultation with an ethicist, we curated findings on ethical concerns within an integrated evaluation ethics framework. Our results illustrate six thematic patterns of research inquiry on evaluation ethics and highlight trends, and gaps. The ethics framework (ACAP) we develop includes four multi-faceted categories. It outlines six Accountabilities (where ethical consideration is owed), illustrates how ethical Concerns can manifest in practice, and outlines diverse stakeholder groups' Agency over the management of ethical concerns. Critically, it outlines five meta-categories of ethical principles (P) including systematic and transparent inquiry, accordant self-determination, fairness, beneficence and non-maleficence, and reflexive stewardship. Implications for priming ethical awareness, navigating ethical conflicts, and advancing evaluation ethics education and research are discussed. Il y a des preoccupations grandissantes a l'egard des dimensions ethiques de la pratique de l'evaluation. Cependant, il y a eu une integration limitee des recherches sur les ethiques de l'evaluation et tres peu d'exploration sur la facon d'ameliorer la capacite de deliberation ethique de haute qualite. Donc, nous avons utilise une approche systemique d'examen du metanarratif pour resumer les recherches sur l'ethique d'evaluation et avons integre les resultats dans un cadre cohesif. La recherche systemique a mene a 20 etudes pertinentes que nous avons utilisees pour mettre en relief les tendances de recherche en ethique de l'evaluation. Les resultats informent la creation d'un cadre qui peut etre utilise pour cultiver la sensibilisation ethique, appuyer l'education en matiere d'ethique et encourager des recherches a l'avenir.