Analysis of friction stir welds using numerical modelling approach: a comprehensive review

The term " Friction stir welding," abbreviated as "FSW," refers to a cutting-edge technology that has found widespread application in the metallurgical sector. In this piece of work, a complete discussion is presented on the most recent developments in the numerical analysis of FSW. These developments cover subjects like welding processes, and they are the subject of the discussion. In particular, the findings of this research lay a solid groundwork for future research into the phenomena that lie behind each of the three sub problems that are associated with FSW. Specifically, fully coupled thermo-mechanical models are used to study how different tool shapes influence the temperature distributions and material deformations that occur during (FSW). In addition to shedding light on various critical weld production methods, the results of the study also provide crucial insight into the mechanisms that are behind the construction of the FSW of steel, titanium, and other difficult materials. Nowadays, many techniques, such as computational solid mechanics (CSM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodologies, have been used to characterise FSW principles and model heat generation. Simulation of material flow has also been studied with regrard to numerical modelling approach. The results that have been summarised to understand the sophisticated numerical analytic techniques for FSW of a variety of different materials.