Membrane Surface Modification via In Situ Grafting of GO/Pt Nanoparticles for Nitrate Removal with Anti-Biofouling Properties

Nanofiltration processes for the removal of emerging contaminants such as nitrate are a focus of attention of research works as an efficient technique for providing drinking water for people. Polysulfone (PSF) nanofiltration membranes containing graphene oxide (GO)/Pt (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt%) nanoparticles were generated with the phase inversion pathway. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by FTIR, SEM, AFM, and contact angle tests to study the effect of GO/Pt on hydrophilicity and antibacterial characteristics. The results conveyed that insertion of GO/Pt dramatically improved the biofouling resistance of the membranes. Permeation experiments indicated that PSF membrane embracing 0.75 wt% GO/Pt nanoparticles had the highest nitrate flux and rejection ability. The membrane's configuration was simulated using OPEN-MX simulating software indicating membranes maintaining 0.75 wt% of GO/Pt nanoparticles revealed the highest stability, which is well in accordance with experimental outcomes.