The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease

被引:161
作者
Zhang, Hannah [1 ,2 ]
Dhalla, Naranjan S. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] St Boniface Gen Hosp, Albrechtsen Res Ctr, Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
[2] Univ Manitoba, Coll Med, Rady Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Physiol & Pathophysiol, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
关键词
cardiovascular disease; inflammation; cytokines; cardiomyopathy; cardiac remodeling; ischemic heart disease; heart failure; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; INTERLEUKIN-1; GENE-EXPRESSION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; ANGIOTENSIN-II HYPERTENSION; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; RAT CARDIAC FIBROBLASTS;
D O I
10.3390/ijms25021082
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
With cardiovascular disease (CVD) being a primary source of global morbidity and mortality, it is crucial that we understand the molecular pathophysiological mechanisms at play. Recently, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have been linked to several different CVDs, which are now often considered an adversely pro-inflammatory state. These cytokines most notably include interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, and the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, amongst others. Not only does inflammation have intricate and complex interactions with pathophysiological processes such as oxidative stress and calcium mishandling, but it also plays a role in the balance between tissue repair and destruction. In this regard, pre-clinical and clinical evidence has clearly demonstrated the involvement and dynamic nature of pro-inflammatory cytokines in many heart conditions; however, the clinical utility of the findings so far remains unclear. Whether these cytokines can serve as markers or risk predictors of disease states or act as potential therapeutic targets, further extensive research is needed to fully understand the complex network of interactions that these molecules encompass in the context of heart disease. This review will highlight the significant advances in our understanding of the contributions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVDs, including ischemic heart disease (atherosclerosis, thrombosis, acute myocardial infarction, and ischemia-reperfusion injury), cardiac remodeling (hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac apoptosis, and heart failure), different cardiomyopathies as well as ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. In addition, this article is focused on discussing the shortcomings in both pathological and therapeutic aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVD that still need to be addressed by future studies.
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页数:36
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