Distribution and Detectability of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Variants in NSCLC

Introduction: EGFR exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations represent 5% to 10% of EGFR mutations in NSCLC. Identi-fying patients with EGFR ex20ins is challenging owing limited coverage of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and the relatively recent use of next-generation sequencing (NGS). This study analyzes the spectrum of EGFR ex20ins variants in a large patient population from a global clinical trial and several real-world cohorts and the ability of PCR kits to identify these alterations. Methods: We conducted this retrospective analysis in pa- tients with NSCLC who underwent NGS or other sequencing testing and had a known EGFR ex20ins mutation. Patients were gathered from a clinical trial (NCT02716116), a chart review study in Germany, and the LC-SCRUM-Japan, GENIE, and U.S. COTA databases. Proportions of patients with ex20ins variants that could have been detected by commercially available and widely used PCR kits calculated in each data set. Results: Overall, 636 patients with NSCLC harboring ex20ins mutations were included in this analysis and unique EGFR ex20ins variants were identified across data sources. The proportion of patients whose ex20ins could have been detected by any PCR test alone ranged from 11.8% to 58.9% across the data sources. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the PCR tests uated would have missed more than 40% of patients NSCLC harboring EGFR ex20ins mutations. NGS-based netic testing is preferable than standard PCR assays and substantially improve the identification of the diverse file of EGFR ex20ins variants in NSCLC. (c) 2023 International Association for the Study of Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).