Magic self-similar pattern of fractal materials: Synthesis, properties and applications

Fractal materials are fascinating substances that introduce a novel, non-integer dimension world and display selfsimilar properties. This unique characteristic holds significant appeal in both scientific and mathematical realms. In recent times, there has been noteworthy progress in the synthesis of fractal materials and their promising applications attributed to the distinct properties associated with their special fractal structures. Notably, these properties include a high specific surface area, an abundance of high-density edges and sharp points, all of which provide fractal materials with exceptional advantages in diverse applications, such as biomolecular detection, optics, and energy-related fields. This article centers on exploring the structural characteristics, widely accepted formation mechanisms, and notable applications of fractal materials. Additionally, we explore the current challenges concerning synthetic strategies and future development prospects. We propose rational and strategic perspectives that may serve as potential guidelines for advancing fractal materials. By offering a timely and comprehensive review, this article aims to foster the development of nanostructures.