Analytical solution for contaminant transport through a GCL-enhanced composite cutoff wall system

The geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have been recently shown to be effective in cutoff wall applications. Yet, its influence on contaminant transport through cutoff wall system is rarely reported. This study presents an analytical solution for the transport of organic contaminant through a composite cutoff wall system comprising a soil-bentonite wall, a GCL, and an aquifer. The analytical solution was obtained by variable separation method and verified against an existing analytical solution and a numerical solution. Parametric analysis was conducted to elucidate the effects of GCL, soil-bentonite (SB) wall thickness (Lw), aquifer thickness (La), and contaminant half-life (t1/2) on contaminant transport. The results show that by adding a GCL layer, the contaminant concentration and the maximum flux can be significantly decreased. When the GCL retardation factor increases 1 to 300, the required time to reach the maximum flux is delayed from about 62 years to 1500 years. Larger aquifer thickness sufficiently weakens the contaminant transport process. Under the same breakthrough criteria, the required thickness of SB wall decreases by about 20% when the GCL retardation factor increases from 1 to 50. The proposed analytical solution provides a useful tool for the design of the SB-GCL cutoff wall system.