Overconfidence effects and learning motivation refreshing BLS: An observational questionnaire study

Aim of the study: Regular refresher skill courses are necessary to maintain competence in basic life support. The utilization of these training pro-grams strongly depends on the motivation to learn. Learning motivation may be affected by overconfidence and clinical tribalism, as they both imply a higher competence compared to others, and therefore, a lower demand for training. This study aimed to assess how overconfidence in basic life support competencies affects learning motivation.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter, anonymous online questionnaire survey using validated psychometric tests for healthcare professionals in Germany. Further, we tested participants' knowledge and attitude regarding international basic life support guidelines. The study was conducted between March and April 2022, and healthcare providers from 22 German emergency medical services and hospitals at all levels were assessed.Results: Of 2,000 healthcare professionals assessed, 407 completed the assessment (response rate, 20.4%). We confirmed the presence of over-confidence and clinical tribalism (identity differentiation between social groups) among the 407 physicians, nurses, and emergency medical service providers who completed the survey. Three different learning-motivation groups emerged from cluster analysis: "experts" (confident and motivated), "recruitables" (overconfident and motivated), and "unawares" (overconfident and unmotivated). The three groups were present in all professional groups, independent of the frequency of exposure to cardiac arrest and educational level.Conclusions: These findings showed the presence of overconfidence effects and different learning motivation types in individuals learning basic life support, even in instructors.