Peoples' perspectives on the 'Future of Europe' - A comparative study from within and beyond the European Union

Tendencies of European disintegration - culminated in Brexit - have laid bare the lack of a future plan for Europe. Few extant studies contain a future outlook and often lack a public opinion perspective, albeit the latter's relevance in the 'constraining dissensus' between citizens and political elites about European integration. Focusing on European Union-non-European Union relations, this study presents comparative evidence on peoples' preferences for the future of EUrope and their underlying reasons. We map citizen preferences using original open-ended survey question responses across eight European countries from within and outside the European Union. Our results show that non-European Union citizens' preferences deviate more strongly from the status quo compared to those of European Union citizens. In contrast, risk-taking attitudes play no role for citizen preferences.