Direct observation of Anderson localization of ultracold atoms in a quasiperiodic lattice

Ultracold atoms in quasiperiodic lattices offer a versatile platform for studying many intriguingly disorder-driven phenomena. Here we study the quantum transport of noninteracting ultracold 133Cs atoms in a one-dimensional quasiperiodic momentum lattice, which is formed by using the laser-coupled momentum states as synthetic dimensions. Through measurements of the site-resolved density distribution of atoms in the synthetic quasiperiodic lattice, we directly observe the transition from the atomic diffusive transport to Anderson localization in the initial injection site with increasing strength of the quasiperiodic modulation. We show the dependence of momentum width characterizing the atomic expansion degree on the quasiperiodic modulation strength, and our observation is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation. Our work provides significant insights for understanding the quantum spreading in disordered systems.