Energy loss-constrained optimal operation of smart distribution system with reactive power services from electric vehicles

The optimal operation of energy resources in smart distribution system (SDS) is one of the significant concerns that must be properly addressed and is of utmost importance. By optimal operation the operating point of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the strategy of energy exchange with the upstream network can be appropriately determined. Therefore, this work aims to investigate energy loss-constrained optimal operation of SDS. The SDS comprises of dispatchable distributed generations (DDGs), solar generation and electric vehicles (EVs). Participation of DDGs and EVs in both active and reactive power is considered in this paper. The proposed operation of SDS aims at minimizing the total operating cost of SDS. Moreover, to improve the technical efficiency of SDS, energy loss is added as one of the constraints in the optimization problem. The operational problem of SDS with reactive power support from EVs is modeled as a mixed integer second-order cone programming problem and solved using MOSEK solver. Different case studies are framed and compared to investigate the effect of considering energy loss constraint and reactive power from EVs. Simulation results verify the efficacy of proposed model in optimally coordinating different DERs in SDS.