Tissue engineering in pediatric population: A hope for the treatment of congenital mitral valve diseases

Mitral heart valve pathology in newborns has high prevalence worldwide. Conventional treatment is valve replacements, mechanical implants or bioprostheses. The aim of this review is to identify the design parameters of a pediatric mitral valve implant based on tissue engineering treatments applied to congenital heart disease of the mitral valve in articles published between 2010 and 2021. A literature review on the treatment of mitral valve congenital heart disease with tissue engineering was carried out through a structured search in databases (Pubmed, Elsevier, Scielo, Chrocaine, LILACS and Scopus) between 2011 and 2021. Were reviewed 92 articles according to inclusion criteria. Valve tissue engineering has developed mitral constructs with biomaterials of synthetic, natural or hybrid origin on supports or hydrogels used in 3D bioprinters in which valve endothelial cells or valve interstitial cells differentiated or not from mesenchymal stem cells or induced stem cells can be used with specific growth factors. Functional requirements identified for the development of a new mitral valve implant were: a) durability, b) mechanical characteristics, c) mimic native mitral valve tissue, d) antithrombogenicity, e) safety, f) controlled biodegradability, g) transcatheter approach, h) biocompatibility, i) precise, anatomical and personalized adaptation, j) synchronous growth of the valve with the child. (c) 2022 Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Cardiovascular y Endovascular. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).