'That's why it's gambling, because you don't know what you find in it!' Perceptions of the relationship between gaming and gambling among young adult gamers

Background. The convergence process between gambling and gaming is raising concerns in legislative and policy arenas and blurring definitions in what is and is not considered gambling. Since social definitions influence perception of legitimacy which subsequently shapes behaviours, the present study aims to investigate perceptions and opinions of young Italian gamers on the similarities and differences between gaming and gambling. Methods. Six online focus groups with gamers aged 14-17 were conducted. The whole sample includes 22 male and 7 female gamers attending high school and living in North-West Italy. Results. Young gamers' definitions of gambling differed from official ones, where mechanisms like loot boxes and social casinos were perceived as gambling, though they do not entail cash wins. Participants also recognized that videogaming entails some risks - such as addiction - similar to those of gambling, and showed a certain degree of agency in adopting self-regulation practices aimed at reducing them. Conclusions. Research should focus more on what specific gaming mechanics are more likely to cause negative outcome, regardless of whether they are comparable to gambling or not, so that appropriate measures to limit risks can be introduced. To identify these mechanics, young gamers can provide crucial insights and knowledge.