Investigation of the frequencies of various B cell populations in non-responder healthcare workers in comparison with responders to hepatitis B virus vaccination

Background Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. More than 90% of hepatitis B-vaccinated immunocompetent adults become fully immune. The main purpose of vaccination is immunization. Whether non-responders have a lower percentage of total or antigen-specific memory B cells in comparison with responders is still controversial. We aimed to assess and compare the frequency of various B cell subpopulations in non-responders and responders.Methods Fourteen responders and 14 non-responders of hospital healthcare workers were enrolled in this study. We used flow cytometry to evaluate various CD19(+) B cell subpopulations using fluorescent-labeled antibodies against CD19, CD10, CD21, CD27 and IgM and ELISA to evaluate total anti-HBs antibodies.Results We found no significant differences in the frequency of various B cell subpopulations between the non-responder and responder groups. Furthermore, the frequency of the isotype-switched memory B cell population was significantly higher in the atypical memory B cell subset compared with the classical memory B cell subset in the responder and total groups (p=0.010 and 0.003, respectively).Conclusions Responders and non-responders to HBsAg vaccine had comparable memory B cell populations. Whether anti-HBs Ab production has a correlation with the level of class switching in B lymphocytes in healthy vaccinated individuals needs further investigation.