New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

被引：77

作者：

Cheng, Lijing ^{[1
]}

Abraham, John ^{[2
]}

Trenberth, Kevin E. ^{[3
,4
]}

Boyer, Tim ^{[5
]}

Mann, Michael E. ^{[6
]}

Zhu, Jiang ^{[1
,2
]}

Wang, Fan ^{[7
]}

Yu, Fujiang ^{[8
]}

Locarnini, Ricardo ^{[5
]}

Fasullo, John ^{[3
]}

Zheng, Fei ^{[1
]}

Li, Yuanlong ^{[7
]}

Zhang, Bin ^{[7
,9
]}

Wan, Liying ^{[8
]}

Chen, Xingrong ^{[8
]}

Wang, Dakui ^{[8
]}

Feng, Licheng ^{[8
]}

Song, Xiangzhou ^{[10
]}

Liu, Yulong ^{[11
]}

Reseghetti, Franco ^{[12
]}

Simoncelli, Simona ^{[13
]}

Gouretski, Viktor ^{[1
]}

Chen, Gengxin ^{[14
]}

Mishonov, Alexey ^{[5
,15
]}

Reagan, Jim ^{[5
]}

Von Schuckmann, Karina ^{[16
]}

Pan, Yuying ^{[1
]}

Tan, Zhetao ^{[1
]}

Zhu, Yujing ^{[1
]}

Wei, Wangxu ^{[1
]}

Li, Guancheng ^{[17
]}

Ren, Qiuping ^{[7
]}

Cao, Lijuan ^{[18
]}

Lu, Yayang ^{[19
]}

机构：

[1] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China

[2] Univ St Thomas, Sch Engn, St Paul, MN 55105 USA

[3] NSF Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA

[4] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

[5] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Informat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA

[6] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[7] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

[8] Minist Nat Resources, Natl Marine Environm Forecasting Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

[9] Chinese Acad Sci, Oceanog Data Ctr, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

[10] Hohai Univ, Coll Oceanog, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China

[11] Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China

[12] S Teresa Res Ctr, Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Sustainable, I-19032 Lerici, Italy

[13] Sede Bologna, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-40128 Bologna, Italy

[14] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China

[15] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CISESS MD, College Pk, MD 20740 USA

[16] Mercator Ocean Int, F-31400 Toulouse, France

[17] Minist Ecol & Environm, Pearl River Valley & South China Sea Ecol & Enviro, Ecoenvironm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Guangzhou 510611, Peoples R China

[18] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Informat Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

[19] Int Res Ctr Big Data Sustainable Dev Goals, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China

来源：

ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES | 2024年 / 41卷 / 06期

基金：

中国国家自然科学基金; 美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

ocean heat content; salinity; stratification; global warming; climate; HEAT;

D O I：

10.1007/s00376-024-3378-5

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) and upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. The 0-2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 +/- 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 10(21) Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 +/- 5 ZJ (NCEI/NOAA data). The Tropical Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s. Associated with the onset of a strong El Nino, the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of similar to 0.23 degrees C higher than 2022 and an astounding > 0.3 degrees C above 2022 values for the second half of 2023. The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

引用

页码：1068 / 1082

页数：15

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