Liming and phosphorus sources on the yield of BRS Zuri grass

Brazilian soils typically exhibit high weathering due to the tropical climate, resulting in acidity, low base saturation, and limited phosphorus levels. Liming and phosphate application are known to enhance soil conditions and forage productivity, but their simultaneous application can reduce phosphorus availability, especially for highly soluble phosphates. Given this, and because adequate levels of phosphorus are essential in initial root development, this study aimed to assess the effects of simultaneous versus spaced application of low-solubility Bayovar reactive natural phosphate and liming, compared to highly soluble monoammonium phosphate, on BRS Zuri grass production. Results revealed that combining phosphates with limestone not only increased plant height and organic matter in the first year but also significantly enhanced fresh and dry matter yields, as well as acid detergent fiber content. Bayovar phosphate exhibited a more pronounced effect in the second year, emphasizing its value as a maintenance fertilizer for BRS Zuri grass. In contrast, monoammonium phosphate demonstrated a stronger influence in the first year, highlighting its role in the initial growth phase. Therefore, utilizing a combination of phosphorus sources with varying availability is recommended to improve soil quality and achieve higher yields in BRS Zuri grass.