Association of depression with disease duration, quality of life and adherence in Parkinson's disease: A cross sectional study

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive motor disorder often accompanied by non-motor symptoms such as depression. Objectives: The objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression in PD patients, and assess its association with disease duration, quality of life and adherence to treatment.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre for patients diagnosed with PD. Depression was diagnosed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The Chi-square test was used to assess the difference in proportions of depression in various types and severity of PD. Depression was also correlated with disease duration, quality of life (QOL) and adherence to treatment using the Pearson correlation test. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 51 patients, 20 (39.22%) patients were found to have depression. The mean duration of disease in depressed patients was significantly longer compared to that in non-depressed patients (7.99 +/- 4.53 vs. 3.62 +/- 2.23, P < 0.001), respectively. The non-depressed patients were better adherent to treatment (1.71 +/- 1.5 vs. 0.56 +/- 0.91). The quality of life of patients was significantly low for depressed patients (21.90 +/- 6.91 vs. 13.16 +/- 6.93, P < 0.001). Depression in Parkinson's patients was positively correlated with the duration of the disease (P-value <0.001); disease staging (P-value <0.001). Quality of life (QOL) had a strong correlation with depression (P-value <0.001) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY) staging (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: Depression was found in 39.22% of PD patients and was more significantly associated with disease duration, non-adherence to treatment and decreased quality of life.