Soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin damage the intestinal barrier by triggering oxidative stress and inflammatory response in weaned piglets

Purpose Soybean glycinin (11S) and ss-conglycinin (7S) are major antigenic proteins in soybean and can induce a variety of allergic reactions in the young animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 7S and 11S allergens on the intestine of piglets. Methods Thirty healthy 21-day-old weaned "Duroc x Long White x Yorkshire" piglets were randomly divided into three groups fed with the basic diet, the 7S supplemented basic diet, or the 11S supplemented basic diet for 1 week. Allergy markers, intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions were detected, and we observed different sections of intestinal tissue. The expressions of genes and proteins related to NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP-3) signaling pathway were detected by IHC, RT-qPCR, and WB. Results Severe diarrhea and decreased growth rate were observed in the 7S and 11S groups. Typical allergy markers include IgE production and significant elevations of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). More aggressive intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction were observed in the experimental weaned piglets. In addition, 7S and 11S supplementation increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nitrotyrosine, triggering oxidative stress. Furthermore, higher expression levels of NLRP-3 inflammasome ASC, caspase-1, IL-1 ss, and IL- 18 were observed in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Conclusion We confirmed that 7S and 11S damaged the intestinal barrier of weaned piglets and may be associated with the onset of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanism underlying these reactions deserves further study.