Radio wave propagation analysis with dominant path model using MIMO antenna element for vehicular base station application

A low-profile slant +/- 45 degrees polarized antenna for a 4G/5G base station with a dominant path wave propagation model (DPM) is reported in this paper. For dual-polarization and wide impedance bandwidth, the two dipole radiators are crisscrossed and a square metallic ring is integrated with the dipole arms and screwed with the four shorting vias. The antenna operates in Band 40/41/42/43 with strong isolation and low ECC (Envelop Correlation Coefficient). Fabricated antenna results show that the predicted wideband antenna has 13.38% bandwidth in 4G, which is Band 40/41, and 29.33% bandwidth in 5G sub-6 GHz Band 42/43. The antenna has a consistent radiation pattern, a 40 dB XPD (Cross Pol Discrimination), and a beam width of 69.5 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees in the entire frequency band. Three base station sites were explored to deploy the radiation pattern of a dual-polarized antenna in the 3D EM (Electromagnetic Analysis) tool. To evaluate signal quality, strength, radio network planning, and wave propagation analysis by analyzing antenna performance in real-time scenarios with 64 and 256 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) techniques. For the proposed four-stream MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) antenna arrangement at deployed cell sites for 4G/5G base station applications, the maximum downlink and uplink data rates are 3.826/2.8 Mbps and 1044/800 Mbps respectively.