Translation, validation, and reliability of the Malay version chrononutrition profile-questionnaire (CPQ-M) in Malaysian adult populations

Several observations have shown that meal timing and dietary components - chrononutrition - may contribute to the onset of several chronic diseases. It is vital to have a reliable questionnaire specifically for the population to assess the general chrononutrition behaviour. Thus, this study aimed to translate, validate, and test the reliability of the chrononutrition profile questionnaire (CPQ-M) for Malaysian adult population. A total of 202 Malaysian adults aged 18 to 65 years volunteered to participate in this study through a self-administered electronic form questionnaire. The construct validity was determined by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation. The internal consistency was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (CAC), while the test-retest reliability was conducted using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The EFA of CPQ-M retained 18 items in a six-factor structure and explained 60.06% of the variance. The 18 items in both CPQ-M and original English CPQ (CPQ-E) were well correlated (r = 0.84 to 1.0). Of 17 items in the questionnaire, it showed good to excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.82 to 0.97), except night eating habits (ICC value = 0.65). The overall CAC for CPQ-M was 0.75, indicating good internal consistency. The CPQ-M was shown to have good validity and reliability to assess the chrononutrition profile among Malaysian adults.