A comprehensive survey on detection of sinkhole attack in routing over low power and Lossy network for internet of things

The Internet of things (IoT) is a developing technology that has produced remarkable advancements and contributions in numerous applications. IoT refers to a system of wirelessly interconnected heterogeneous nodes or sensors over Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). The main routing protocol of the LLNs is the Routing Protocol over Low power and Lossy network (RPL). RPL is a lightweight routing protocol designed to meet the memory, energy, and bandwidth constraints of LLNs and IoT devices. Because of their constraints, IoT systems are subject to challenges such as reliable data transmission, and network security. This work will review several security mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature to secure RPL-based IoT systems against sinkhole attack. The proposed mechanisms will be discussed, classified, and analyzed in terms of their performance, datasets, implementation details, and limitations. This work will also present some research gap analysis and suggestions for future research topics in this general area.