Dental caries prevention in pediatric patients with molar incisor hypomineralization: a scoping review

This scoping review aims to summarize the available evidence on strategies employed in preventing caries in patients with molar incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH). MIH refers to an enamel defect involving opacities, and sometimes post-eruptive degradation due to enamel porosity; resulting in outcomes ranging from a mild atypical caries to severe coronary destruction. A systematic review was conducted for literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos and Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). The search was aimed at studies published between January 2010 and February 2022. Data were independently selected and extracted. 989 studies were found from the systematic search and 8 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies evaluated remineralization and cariogenic risk, both of which are crucial elements in caries prevention, as well as decreased sensitivity. The included studies investigated fluoride varnish, dental sealants, giomers, casein, and Icon as preventative methods for dental caries. Several methods for preventing dental caries in paediatric patients with MIH exist, but more research is needed to determine their effectiveness and safety. Any preventive intervention should consider the etiological aspects of the disease, the risk of caries, the type and extent of lesions, hypersensitivity level and patient's age. Collaboration between patients and carers is critical for disease diagnosis and caries prevention.