Joint expansion planning for data centers and distribution networks based on conditional value-at-risk theory considering low carbon characteristics

The number of Internet Data Centers (IDC) is developing rapidly, and the large-scale load has a significant impact on the secure, economic, low-carbon, and efficient operation of the distribution network. This article proposes a joint expansion planning framework of IDC and distribution network driven by carbon neutrality goals. Firstly, considering the impact of various factors such as service level, parameters, and environment on the IDC load operation, we conducted in-depth research on the characteristics of different IDC load and established an IDC load demand response model. Secondly, in response to the uncertainty of new energy output and load, the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) theory is introduced to provide the concept and calculation method of carbon neutrality loss risk. Then, with the goal of minimizing the investment operating total cost of the distribution network, a two-stage stochastic expansion planning model of IDC and distribution network is constructed. The large M method and the polygon method are first used to solve the mixed integer nonlinear optimization model. Finally, an improved IEEE-33 node system is taken as a simulation example to verify the effectiveness and progressiveness of the proposed method. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the planning method proposed in this paper has effectively reduced the total investment cost by 23.52 % compared to the independent planning method.