Investigation of graphene flake and photonic crystal structure enhancement effect by Raman spectroscopy of thymine

Raman spectroscopy is widely used for studying bioorganic materials. However, dealing with biological samples presents challenges such as limited quantities, tight timelines, complex preparation, and the need for improved precision. Hence, efforts are needed to enhance sensitivity and visualization for specific molecules or cells. This study explored using periodic waveguide structures (PWS) to amplify Raman signals of biological molecules, focusing on thymine. We found that composite nanostructures significantly boosted thymine's Raman signal, further enhanced by injecting graphene nanoflakes. This research highlights the potential of enhanced Raman techniques in bioanalysis and paves the way for future advancements in this field.