Co-Modulation of Spin Angular Momentum and High-Order Orbital Angular Momentum Based on Anisotropic Holographic Metasurfaces

In this communication, a new method for modulating spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) based on anisotropic holographic metasurfaces is proposed, which can realize the co- modulation of SAM, high-order OAM, and beam's direction simultaneously. The tensor unit adopts an ellipse patch with three adjustable parameters without slotting, and a design and analysis method suitable for this kind of tensor unit is proposed based on the 2-D effective impedance database for geometrical size mapping. Based on the tensor unit and proposed methods, the vortex beams with a single SAM state, a single high-order OAM mode, and different directions are generated at 22 GHz. Then, the deflected vortex beams with the same SAM state and mixed OAM modes, or the deflected vortex beams with different SAM states and OAM modes are realized using a single feed and a single metasurface integrated for the first time. Simulation and experimental measurement results show that the OAM mode purity can reach more than 80% of the theoretical best value in the main SAM state. The proposed design methods and the device can achieve arbitrary modulation of SAM and OAM, providing a solution for combining and applying the two to multiplexing communications.