Optimal capacity planning and operation of shared energy storage system for large-scale photovoltaic integrated 5G base stations

Shared energy storage (SES) system can provide energy storage capacity leasing services for large-scale PV integrated 5G base stations (BSs), reducing the energy cost of 5G BS and achieving high efficiency utilization of energy storage capacity resources. However, the capacity planning and operation optimization of SES system involves the coordinated operation and cost sharing between SES system and large-scale 5G BSs, which is highly coupled and greatly increases the complexity of joint optimization. In this paper, a joint optimization method of SES system capacity planning and operation for large-scale PV integrated 5G BSs with energy storage planning requirements is proposed. First, a dynamic capacity leasing model of SES system is proposed with consideration of the power supply and load demand characteristics of large-scale 5G BSs. Second, a bi-level joint optimization problem is formulated to minimize the capacity planning and operation cost of SES system and the operation cost of large-scale 5G BSs based on the bi-level mixed-integer programming (BiMIP) model. Then, a reformulation and decomposition (R&D)-based SES system capacity planning and operation joint optimization (SESSION) algorithm for large-scale PV integrated 5G BSs is proposed, which is employed to reformulate the proposed bi-level joint optimization problem into a master problem and two subproblems. The independent solutions of the upper-level problem and the lower-level problem are achieved through the iteration between master problem and subproblems. Finally, the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed algorithm is verified through case studies, which demonstrate that the capacity planning and operation optimization of SES system can effectively achieve mutual benefits between large-scale PV integrated 5G BSs and SES system.