Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium and Extracellular Vesicles in an In Vitro Radiation-Induced Skin Injury Model

Radiotherapy (RT) is one of three major treatments for malignant tumors, and one of its most common side effects is skin and soft tissue injury. However, the treatment of these remains challenging. Several studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment enhances skin wound healing. In this study, we extracted human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from patients and generated an in vitro radiation-induced skin injury model with HDFs to verify the effect of conditioned medium derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-CM) and extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-EVs) on the healing of radiation-induced skin injury. The results showed that collagen synthesis was significantly increased in wounds treated with ADSC-CM or ADSC-EVs compared with the control group, which promoted the expression of collagen-related genes and suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes. These findings indicated that treatment with ADSC-CM or ADSC-EVs suppressed inflammation and promoted extracellular matrix deposition; treatment with ADSC-EVs also promoted fibroblast proliferation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of ADSC-CM and ADSC-EVs in the healing of radiation-induced skin injury.