Awareness and Perception Toward Alzheimer's Disease Among Residents Living in the Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health concern, yet misconceptions about the condition are common. This study assessed awareness and social perceptions of AD in Jazan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 925 adults was conducted. Knowledge was assessed using a 30-item Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Social perceptions were evaluated using a 10-item questionnaire. Results: Many had misconceptions about AD epidemiology, causes, management, and care. The mean ADKS score was 8.89 +/- 5.17 out of 30. Knowledge was poorest for symptoms, risk factors, treatment, caregiving, and life impact. Knowledge was highest in those aged >45 years (p = 0.018), in those with income > 15K SR (p = 0.004), in retired individuals (p = 0.023), and in those who learned about AD from books (p = 0.001), healthcare professionals (p = 0.001), or had an affected relative (p = 0.001). However, knowledge was low across all domains, averaging only 29% correct answers. Most respondents held positive social perceptions, yet sizable minorities saw isolation, legal intervention, and institutionalization as appropriate. Additionally, a portion of respondents associated stigma with individuals affected by AD and expressed a sense of burden associated with the condition. Conclusions: There are substantial knowledge gaps and some stigmatizing attitudes about AD in Jazan. Awareness regarding the causes, diagnosis, and management of AD was low. Misconceptions exist that AD only affects older people. Improved public education, especially for higher-risk groups, is needed to address misconceptions and promote social inclusion for those with dementia. Healthcare professionals can play a crucial role.