Modeling the propagation of very-high-energy γ-rays with the CRbeam code: Comparison with CRPropa and ELMAG codes

被引:5
作者
Kalashev, O.
Korochkin, A. [1 ]
Neronov, A. [2 ,3 ]
Semikoz, D. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Libre Bruxelles, CP225 Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
[2] Univ Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France
[3] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Astrophys, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
关键词
methods: numerical; astroparticle physics; gamma rays: general; ISM: magnetic fields; infrared: diffuse background; EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT; INTERGALACTIC MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTROMAGNETIC CASCADES; CONSTRAINTS; RADIATION; SEARCH; EMISSION; STRENGTH; SPECTRA; BLAZARS;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/202243364
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Context. Very-high-energy gamma-rays produce electron positron pairs in interactions with low-energy photons of extragalactic background light during propagation through the intergalactic medium. The electron-positron pairs generate secondary gamma-rays detectable by gamma-ray telescopes. This secondary emission can be used to detect intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMF) in the voids of large-scale structure. Aims. A new gamma-ray observatory, namely, Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will provide an increase in sensitivity for detections of these secondary gamma-ray emission and enable the measurement of its properties for sources at cosmological distances. The interpretation of the CTA data, including the detection of IGMF and study of its properties and origins, will require precision modeling of the primary and secondary gamma-ray fluxes. Methods. We assess the precision of the modeling of the secondary gamma-ray emission using model calculations with publicly available Monte Carlo codes CRPropa and ELMAG and compare their predictions with theoretical expectations and with model calculations of a newly developed CRbeam code. Results. We find that model predictions of different codes differ by up to 50% for low-redshift sources, with discrepancies increasing up to order-of-magnitude level with the increasing source redshifts. We identify the origin of these discrepancies and demonstrate that after eliminating the inaccuracies found, the discrepancies between the three codes are reduced to 10% when modeling nearby sources with z similar to 0.1. We argue that the new CRbeam code provides reliable predictions for the spectral, timing, and imaging properties of the secondary gamma-ray signal for both nearby and distant sources with z similar to 1. Thus, it can be used to study gamma-ray sources and IGMF with a level of precision that is appropriate for the prospective CTA study of the effects of gamma-ray propagation through the intergalactic medium.
引用
收藏
页数:15
相关论文
共 44 条
[1]   Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array for probing cosmology and fundamental physics with gamma-ray propagation [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abe, H. ;
Acero, F. ;
Acharyya, A. ;
Adam, R. ;
Agudo, I ;
Aguirre-Santaella, A. ;
Alfaro, R. ;
Alfaro, J. ;
Alispach, C. ;
Aloisio, R. ;
Batista, R. Alves ;
Amati, L. ;
Amato, E. ;
Ambrosi, G. ;
Anguner, E. O. ;
Araudo, A. ;
Armstrong, T. ;
Arqueros, F. ;
Arrabito, L. ;
Asano, K. ;
Ascasibar, Y. ;
Ashley, M. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balazs, C. ;
Balbo, M. ;
Balmaverde, B. ;
Baquero Larriva, A. ;
Martins, V. Barbosa ;
Barkov, M. ;
Baroncelli, L. ;
de Almeida, U. Barres ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Batista, P-, I ;
Becerra Gonzalez, J. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Beck, G. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Belmont, R. ;
Benbow, W. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Berti, A. ;
Berton, M. ;
Bertucci, B. ;
Beshley, V ;
Bi, B. ;
Biasuzzi, B. ;
Biland, A. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Biteau, J. .
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, 2021, (02)
[2]   Measurement of the EBL spectral energy distribution using the VHE γ-ray spectra of HESS blazars [J].
Abdalla, H. ;
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Andersson, T. ;
Anguner, E. O. ;
Arakawa, M. ;
Arrieta, M. ;
Aubert, P. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnard, M. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Berge, D. ;
Bernhard, S. ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Blackwell, R. ;
Bottcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bonnefoy, S. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bryan, M. ;
Buechele, M. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Capasso, M. ;
Carr, J. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chakraborty, N. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Chen, A. ;
Chevalier, J. ;
Coffaro, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Condon, B. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Davids, I. D. ;
Decock, J. ;
Degrange, B. ;
Deil, C. ;
Devin, J. ;
de Wilt, P. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2017, 606
[3]   A gamma-ray determination of the Universe's star formation history [J].
Abdollahi, S. ;
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Atwood, W. B. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Gonzalez, J. Becerra ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonino, R. ;
Bottacini, E. ;
Buson, S. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caputo, R. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Cavazzuti, E. ;
Charles, E. ;
Chen, S. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiaro, G. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Cominsky, L. R. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Costantin, D. ;
Cutini, S. ;
D'Ammando, F. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Desai, A. ;
Digel, S. W. ;
Di Lalla, N. ;
Di Mauro, M. ;
Di Venere, L. ;
Dominguez, A. ;
Favuzzi, C. ;
Fegan, S. J. ;
Finke, J. ;
Franckowiak, A. ;
Fukazawa, Y. ;
Funk, S. ;
Fusco, P. ;
Romero, G. Gallardo ;
Gargano, F. .
SCIENCE, 2018, 362 (6418) :1031-+
[4]   Measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light Spectral Energy Distribution with VERITAS [J].
Abeysekara, A. U. ;
Archer, A. ;
Benbow, W. ;
Bird, R. ;
Brill, A. ;
Brose, R. ;
Buchovecky, M. ;
Calderon-Madera, D. ;
Christiansen, J. L. ;
Cui, W. ;
Daniel, M. K. ;
Falcone, A. ;
Feng, Q. ;
Fernandez-Alonso, M. ;
Finley, J. P. ;
Fortson, L. ;
Furniss, A. ;
Gent, A. ;
Giuri, C. ;
Gueta, O. ;
Hanna, D. ;
Hassan, T. ;
Hervet, O. ;
Holder, J. ;
Hughes, G. ;
Humensky, T. B. ;
Johnson, C. A. ;
Kaaret, P. ;
Kertzman, M. ;
Kieda, D. ;
Krause, M. ;
Krennrich, F. ;
Kumar, S. ;
Lang, M. J. ;
Maier, G. ;
Moriarty, P. ;
Mukherjee, R. ;
Nievas-Rosillo, M. ;
O'Brien, S. ;
Ong, R. A. ;
Pfrang, K. ;
Pohl, M. ;
Prado, R. R. ;
Pueschel, E. ;
Quinn, J. ;
Ragan, K. ;
Reynolds, P. T. ;
Ribeiro, D. ;
Richards, G. T. ;
Roache, E. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2019, 885 (02)
[5]   Search for extended γ-ray emission around AGN with HESS and Fermi-LAT [J].
Abramowski, A. ;
Aharonian, F. ;
Benkhali, F. Ait ;
Akhperjanian, A. G. ;
Anguener, E. ;
Anton, G. ;
Backes, M. ;
Balenderan, S. ;
Balzer, A. ;
Barnacka, A. ;
Becherini, Y. ;
Tjus, J. Becker ;
Bernloehr, K. ;
Birsin, E. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Biteau, J. ;
Boettcher, M. ;
Boisson, C. ;
Bolmont, J. ;
Bordas, P. ;
Brucker, J. ;
Brun, F. ;
Brun, P. ;
Bulik, T. ;
Carrigan, S. ;
Casanova, S. ;
Chadwick, P. M. ;
Chalme-Calvet, R. ;
Chaves, R. C. G. ;
Cheesebrough, A. ;
Chretien, M. ;
Colafrancesco, S. ;
Cologna, G. ;
Conrad, J. ;
Couturier, C. ;
Cui, Y. ;
Djannati-Atai, A. ;
Domainko, W. ;
Drury, L. O'C. ;
Dubus, G. ;
Dutson, K. ;
Dyks, J. ;
Dyrda, M. ;
Edwards, T. ;
Egberts, K. ;
Eger, P. ;
Espigat, P. ;
Farnier, C. ;
Fegan, S. ;
Feinstein, F. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2014, 562
[6]   A lower bound on intergalactic magnetic fields from time variability of 1ES 0229+200 from MAGIC and Fermi/LAT observations [J].
Acciari, V. A. ;
Agudo, I. ;
Aniello, T. ;
Ansoldi, S. ;
Antonelli, L. A. ;
Arbet Engels, A. ;
Artero, M. ;
Asano, K. ;
Baack, D. ;
Babic, A. ;
Baquero, A. ;
Barres de Almeida, U. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Batkovic, I. ;
Becerra Gonzalez, J. ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Bernardos, M. ;
Berti, A. ;
Besenrieder, J. ;
Bhattacharyya, W. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Blanch, O. ;
Boekenkamp, H. ;
Bonnoli, G. ;
Bosnjak, Z. ;
Burelli, I. ;
Busetto, G. ;
Carosi, R. ;
Ceribella, G. ;
Cerruti, M. ;
Chai, Y. ;
Chilingarian, A. ;
Cikota, S. ;
Colombo, E. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Covino, S. ;
D'Amico, G. ;
D'Elia, V. ;
Da Vela, P. ;
Dazzi ;
De Angelis ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Del Popolo, A. ;
Delfino, M. ;
Delgado, J. ;
Delgado Mendez, C. ;
Depaoli, D. .
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2023, 670
[7]   Measurement of the extragalactic background light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z=1 [J].
Acciari, V. A. ;
Ansoldi, S. ;
Antonelli, L. A. ;
Engels, A. Arbet ;
Baack, D. ;
Babic, A. ;
Banerjee, B. ;
Barres de Almeida, U. ;
Barrio, J. A. ;
Gonzalez, J. Becerra ;
Bednarek, W. ;
Bellizzi, L. ;
Bernardini, E. ;
Berti, A. ;
Besenrieder, J. ;
Bhattacharyya, W. ;
Bigongiari, C. ;
Biland, A. ;
Blanch, O. ;
Bonnoli, G. ;
Busetto, G. ;
Carosi, R. ;
Ceribella, G. ;
Chai, Y. ;
Cikota, S. ;
Colak, M. ;
Colin, U. ;
Colombo, E. ;
Contreras, J. L. ;
Cortina, J. ;
Covino, S. ;
D'Elia, V. ;
Da Vela, P. ;
Dazzi, F. ;
De Angelis, A. ;
De Lotto, B. ;
Delfino, M. ;
Delgado, J. ;
Di Pierro, F. ;
Do Souto Espineira, E. ;
Dominguez, A. ;
Prester, D. Dominis ;
Dorner, D. ;
Doro, M. ;
Elsaesser, D. ;
Ramazani, V. Fallah ;
Fattorini, A. ;
Fernandez-Barral, A. ;
Ferrara, G. ;
Fidalgo, D. .
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2019, 486 (03) :4233-4251
[8]  
Acharya BS, 2019, SCIENCE WITH THE CHERENKOV TELESCOPE ARRAY, DOI 10.1142/10986
[9]   The Search for Spatial Extension in High-latitude Sources Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope [J].
Ackermann, M. ;
Ajello, M. ;
Baldini, L. ;
Ballet, J. ;
Barbiellini, G. ;
Bastieri, D. ;
Bellazzini, R. ;
Bissaldi, E. ;
Blandford, R. D. ;
Bloom, E. D. ;
Bonino, R. ;
Bottacini, E. ;
Brandt, T. J. ;
Bregeon, J. ;
Bruel, P. ;
Buehler, R. ;
Cameron, R. A. ;
Caputo, R. ;
Caraveo, P. A. ;
Castro, D. ;
Cavazzuti, E. ;
Charles, E. ;
Cheung, C. C. ;
Chiaro, G. ;
Ciprini, S. ;
Cohen-Tanugi, J. ;
Costantin, D. ;
Cutini, S. ;
D'Ammando, F. ;
de Palma, F. ;
Desai, A. ;
Di Lalla, N. ;
Di Mauro, M. ;
Di Venere, L. ;
Favuzzi, C. ;
Finke, J. ;
Franckowiak, A. ;
Fukazawa, Y. ;
Funk, S. ;
Fusco, P. ;
Gargano, F. ;
Gasparrini, D. ;
Giglietto, N. ;
Giordano, F. ;
Giroletti, M. ;
Green, D. ;
Grenier, I. A. ;
Guillemot, L. ;
Guiriec, S. ;
Hays, E. .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 2018, 237 (02)
[10]   VERY-HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI - CASCADING ON THE COSMIC BACKGROUND-RADIATION FIELDS AND THE FORMATION OF PAIR HALOS [J].
AHARONIAN, FA ;
COPPI, PS ;
VOLK, HJ .
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1994, 423 (01) :L5-L8