Molecular Insights Into the Role of Gut Microbiota in Antibiotic Therapy Selection and Resistance Mitigation

Antibiotic therapy is a cornerstone of modern medicine, yet the development of antibiotic resistance threatens to render these therapies ineffective. The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a critical role in modulating antibiotic efficacy and resistance. This review delves into the intricate relationship between gut microbiota, antibiotic therapy, and resistance and discusses the potential applications of gut microbiota research in guiding personalized antibiotic therapy and resistance mitigation strategies. Recent advancements in metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics have demonstrated the potential for tailored antibiotic regimens that minimize collateral damage to commensal bacteria and reduce the risk of resistance. Adjuvant therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, have shown promise in restoring gut microbial balance and mitigating the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy. We address the challenges associated with this emerging field, including the need for standardized methodologies, ethical considerations, and interdisciplinary collaboration. With continued interdisciplinary collaboration and the implementation of standardized methodologies, gut microbiota research can contribute to the global fight against antibiotic resistance and improve patient outcomes.