Diagnosis and treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia

Background: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a rare type of cranial nerve rhizopathy that accounts for roughly 1% of trigeminal neuralgia cases and presents as extreme neuralgic pain in the ipsilateral deep throat, tongue base, or ear. Pain is usually intense and electric shock-like, occurring either without warning or triggered by swallowing. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnosis and treatment of GPN and to differentiate it from trigeminal neuralgia. Current Concepts: In this review, our experiences, including cases of misdiagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls, are presented in detail. Treatment of GPN with microvascular decompression (MVD) has a success rate of over 90%. The use of "off-the-root entry zone" MVD, which eliminates the need for an adjuvant rhizotomy, is the best treatment for GPN. In addition, although gamma knife radiosurgery is categorized as a destructive procedure, it can still be another option if a patient is ineligible for MVD. Discussion and Conclusion: Practitioners must consider GPN when diagnosing patients with cranial nerve rhizopathy; it should be distinguished from other pain syndromes, especially trigeminal neuralgia. With an accurate diagnosis, an appropriate treatment plan can be developed.