Enhancing groundwater remediation efficiency through advanced membrane and nano-enabled processes: A comparative study

Groundwater contamination is a global environmental concern, and existing remediation technologies face challenges in terms of effectiveness, cost, and environmental impact. Advanced membrane and nano-enabled processes have shown promise in improving the efficiency of groundwater remediation. This study compares the performance of various advanced membrane and nano-enabled processes, such as reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and electrocoagulation, for removing common groundwater contaminants, including heavy metals, nitrates, and organic compounds. Laboratory-scale experiments using synthetic groundwater samples spiked with contaminants are conducted. Key parameters, including removal efficiency, energy consumption, and membrane fouling, are measured, and the environmental impact of each process is evaluated by analyzing the wastewater generated. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential of advanced membrane and nano-enabled processes for groundwater remediation, which can aid policymakers, researchers, and environmental practitioners in developing and implementing effective and sustainable groundwater remediation strategies. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of different advanced membrane and nano-enabled processes for groundwater remediation and will provide valuable insights into their potential for enhancing groundwater remediation effectiveness.