Overview of Inorganic Nanoparticles: An Expanding Horizon in Tumor Therapeutics

Background Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division in the human body damaging normal tissues. There are almost a hundred types of cancers studied to date that are conventionally treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Conventional methods have drawbacks like non-specific distribution of drugs, low concentration of drugs in tumors, and adverse effects like cardiotoxicity. Therefore, inorganic nanoparticles are explored nowadays to achieve better results in cancer treatment. Objective The objective of this review paper was to summarize the role of inorganic nanoparticles in cancer treatment by revealing their preclinical status and patents. Methods Literature survey for the present work was conducted by exploring various search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google patents. Results Inorganic nanoparticles come under the advanced category of nanomedicine explored in cancer therapeutics. The structural properties of inorganic nanoparticles make them excellent candidates for targeting, imaging, and eradication of cancer cells. Besides this, they also show high biocompatibility and minimum systemic toxicity. Conclusion This review paper concludes that inorganic nanoparticles may be better alternatives to conventional approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, their presence in global pharmaceutical markets will be governed by the development of novel scale-up techniques and clinical evaluation.