Protective role of vitamin D3 in a rat model of hyperthyroid-induced cardiomyopathy

Background and aim: Several studies have reported the cardioprotective effect of vitamin D. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the possible cardioprotective effect of vitamin D3 in hyperthyroid-induced cardiomyopathy rat model.Experimental procedure: Rats were divided into 3 groups: control group; hyperthyroid group, rats were administrated L-thyroxine sodium daily for 4 weeks; and hyperthyroid thorn vitamin D3 treated group, rats were treated with L-thyroxine sodium for 4 weeks daily, and received the vitamin D3 for the same duration. After 4 weeks, electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Then, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. After that, the final body weight was measured, and the rats were sacrificed. Finally, the hearts were excised, weighed and were prepared for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemistry assessment of caspase-3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Results: Hyperthyroid rats showed significant ECG changes, increased serum levels of cardiac bio-markers, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and relative heart weight compared with the control rats. Vitamin D3 coadminis-tration with L-thyroxine resulted in significant improvement in thyroid profile, ECG parameters, signif-icant decrease of cardiac biomarkers, FGF23, malondialdehyde, TNF-a and relative heart weight, and significant decrease of the antioxidant enzymes compared with the hyperthyroid rats. The histological study was consistent with the biochemical results. Hyperthyroid rats showed upregulation of caspase-3 and PCNA in the myocardium compared with control group. Vitamin D3 treated rats showed down-regulation of caspase-3 and PCNA.Conclusion: Vitamin D3 provides cardioprotective effects in hyperthyroid rats.(c) 2023 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).