Sustaining reform implementation: a systematic literature review

This systematic literature review analysed research related to education reform published between 2000 and 2020. Empirical evidence from 249 studies identified factors hindering or facilitating the long-term success of reform implementation. Eight overarching, actionable themes were found to influence success. Six themes describe requirements at the school level: the need for shared leadership focused on supporting reform; budgeting and resourcing considerations; the critical role of continuing, high-quality professional learning that is consistent with the reform effort; the need for data collection and evaluation to examine the success of the reform initiative and guide further changes; the importance of engaging stakeholders in the reform process on an ongoing basis; and ensuring staffing stability. At the classroom level, teachers require support in developing a clear understanding of the reform in practice and actionable steps for implementation. Finally, ways in which external entities and advisory teams can help to sustain reform are presented.