The Outcome of Antipsychotics-induced Tardive Syndromes: A Ten-year Follow-up Study

Objective: Tardive syndrome (TS) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of abnormal movement disorders caused by chronic exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents. Few follow-up studies have been performed on the outcome of TS in patients using antipsychotics. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, remission rate, and factors associated with remission in patients using antipsychotics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study consisted of 123 patients who received continuous treatment of antipsychotics in a medical center in Taiwan, from April 1, 2011 to May 31, 2021. We assessed the demographic and clinical charac-teristics, prevalence, incidence, remission rate, and factors associated with remission in patients using antipsychotics. TS remission was defined as a Visual Analogue Scale score <= 3. Results: Of the 92 patients who completed the 10-year follow-up, 39 (42.4%) were found to have at least one episode of TS, with tardive dyskinesia (TD) being the most prevalent subtype (51.3%). With regard to concurrent physical illness, a history of extrapyramidal symptoms were significant risk factors for TS. During the 10-year follow-up period, the remission rate of TS was 74.3%. The use of antioxidants including vitamin B6 and piracetam was related to the remission of TS. Patients with tardive dystonia had a higher remission rate (87.5%) compared to TD (70%). Conclusion: Our study suggests that TS may be a treatable condition, and the key to a better outcome is early detection and prompt intervention, including closely monitoring antipsychotics-related TS symptoms and using antioxidants.