(Bio)electroanalysis of microtubule-targeting agents used in cancer chemotherapy

Microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are chemical compounds that bind to microtubules, important components of the cytoskeleton, which is essential for a wide range of cellular processes. MTAs represent one of the most successful chemotherapeutics used for cancer treatment. This review starts with a short description of the chemical and biological characteristics of the available MTAs approved as anticancer agents. After a brief general discussion of MTAs electroanalysis, the literature data regarding the electrochemistry of each compound belonging to this class was critically presented. The electrochemical techniques, the electrode materials and the modifiers used in the development of the sensors, as well as the working conditions, the linear ranges, the detection limits and their application for MTAs direct or indirect determination are summarized. On the other hand, the interaction of MTAs with metallic ions, biological important molecules and cancer cells are addressed. The main drawbacks and the gaps to be filled in this research area are emphasized, the current challenges of the electrochemical sensors and methods applied in the detection of MTAs being also outlined.