The Primary Breakup and Atomization Characteristics of Liquid Jet in Crossflow at the Fixed Momentum Ratio and Weber Number

The primary breakup behaviors of injected fuel were investigated by high fidelity simulation. The influence of various parameters on the breakup and atomization was analyzed at the fixed momentum ratio and Weber number. The results indicated that a simultaneous increase of the surface tension coefficient and the velocity of crossflow will hardly affect axial waves. The air density primarily affected the friction acting on the liquid column near the nozzle, while the liquid density affected the liquid flow in the liquid column to the sides. These variations lead to differences in breakup modes. The evolution of liquid column shape at different penetration heights suggested that the formation of sheet-like structures on the sides of liquid column was one of the main reasons for its deflection. The deflection of liquid column was enhanced by the increase of air density, and it was weakened at the increase of surface tension coefficient. In addition, it was also observed that for different parameters, the change of the boundary of spray plume in the y direction corresponded to variations in liquid column deflection. The diameter distribution of droplets generated by the primary breakup was predominantly influenced by density, with only a slight impact from the surface tension coefficient.